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1.
Int J Mol Sci ; 25(4)2024 Feb 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38396774

RESUMO

Platelets assume a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), emphasizing their significance in disease progression. Consequently, addressing CVDs necessitates a targeted approach focused on mitigating platelet activation. Eugenol, predominantly derived from clove oil, is recognized for its antibacterial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties, rendering it a valuable medicinal agent. This investigation delves into the intricate mechanisms through which eugenol influences human platelets. At a low concentration of 2 µM, eugenol demonstrates inhibition of collagen and arachidonic acid (AA)-induced platelet aggregation. Notably, thrombin and U46619 remain unaffected by eugenol. Its modulatory effects extend to ATP release, P-selectin expression, and intracellular calcium levels ([Ca2+]i). Eugenol significantly inhibits various signaling cascades, including phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2)/protein kinase C (PKC), phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3ß, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2)/thromboxane A2 (TxA2) formation induced by collagen. Eugenol selectively inhibited cPLA2/TxA2 phosphorylation induced by AA, not affecting p38 MAPK. In ADP-treated mice, eugenol reduced occluded lung vessels by platelet thrombi without extending bleeding time. In conclusion, eugenol exerts a potent inhibitory effect on platelet activation, achieved through the inhibition of the PLCγ2-PKC and cPLA2-TxA2 cascade, consequently suppressing platelet aggregation. These findings underscore the potential therapeutic applications of eugenol in CVDs.


Assuntos
Eugenol , Embolia Pulmonar , Humanos , Camundongos , Animais , Eugenol/farmacologia , Eugenol/uso terapêutico , Eugenol/metabolismo , Fosfolipase C gama/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Ativação Plaquetária , Agregação Plaquetária , Plaquetas/metabolismo , Fosforilação , Proteína Quinase C/metabolismo , Tromboxano A2/metabolismo , Colágeno/metabolismo , Embolia Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Embolia Pulmonar/metabolismo , Fosfolipases A2 Citosólicas/metabolismo
2.
J Cell Mol Med ; 28(4): e18139, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38334198

RESUMO

Platelets assume a pivotal role in the cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Thus, targeting platelet activation is imperative for mitigating CVDs. Ginkgetin (GK), from Ginkgo biloba L, renowned for its anticancer and neuroprotective properties, remains unexplored concerning its impact on platelet activation, particularly in humans. In this investigation, we delved into the intricate mechanisms through which GK influences human platelets. At low concentrations (0.5-1 µM), GK exhibited robust inhibition of collagen and arachidonic acid (AA)-induced platelet aggregation. Intriguingly, thrombin and U46619 remained impervious to GK's influence. GK's modulatory effect extended to ATP release, P-selectin expression, intracellular calcium ([Ca2+ ]i) levels and thromboxane A2 formation. It significantly curtailed the activation of various signaling cascades, encompassing phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2)/protein kinase C (PKC), phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3ß and mitogen-activated protein kinases. GK's antiplatelet effect was not reversed by SQ22536 (an adenylate cyclase inhibitor) or ODQ (a guanylate cyclase inhibitor), and GK had no effect on the phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoproteinSer157 or Ser239 . Moreover, neither cyclic AMP nor cyclic GMP levels were significantly increased after GK treatment. In mouse studies, GK notably extended occlusion time in mesenteric vessels, while sparing bleeding time. In conclusion, GK's profound impact on platelet activation, achieved through inhibiting PLCγ2-PKC cascade, culminates in the suppression of downstream signaling and, ultimately, the inhibition of platelet aggregation. These findings underscore the promising therapeutic potential of GK in the CVDs.


Assuntos
Biflavonoides , Nucleotídeos Cíclicos , Fosfolipases , Humanos , Animais , Camundongos , Nucleotídeos Cíclicos/metabolismo , Nucleotídeos Cíclicos/farmacologia , Fosfolipase C gama/metabolismo , Ácido Araquidônico/farmacologia , Ácido Araquidônico/metabolismo , Fosfolipases/metabolismo , Fosfolipases/farmacologia , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/farmacologia , Ativação Plaquetária , Plaquetas/metabolismo , Agregação Plaquetária , Proteína Quinase C/metabolismo , Fosforilação , Colágeno/metabolismo
3.
Heliyon ; 9(10): e20286, 2023 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37767484

RESUMO

Platelets play a vital role in the formation of dangerous arterial thrombosis. Platelets are activated by adhesive proteins or soluble agonists through their specific receptors. The receptor-mediated signaling pathways lead to common signaling events, which result in shape changes and inside-out signaling, leading fibrinogen binding to glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex (integrin αIIbß3). This interaction initiates integrin αIIbß3-mediated outside-in signaling, subsequently culminating in granule secretion and aggregation. Myricetin is a flavonoid that occurs in a variety of plants. Although myricetin has been demonstrated to have several bioactive properties, its role in platelet activation has not been extensively studied. The present study demonstrated the ability of myricetin to inhibit platelet aggregation stimulated by collagen, thrombin, and U46619. Myricetin reduced the ATP-release, cytosolic Ca2+ mobilization, and P-selectin expression and the activation of PLCγ2/PKC, PI3K/Akt/GSK3ß, and MAPK. Myricetin exerted a direct inhibitory effect on the activation of integrin αIIbß3 by disrupting the binding between FITC-PAC-1 and the integrin. Moreover, myricetin suppressed integrin αIIbß3-mediated outside-in signaling, such as integrin ß3, Src, and Syk phosphorylation on immobilized fibrinogen. In animal studies, myricetin significantly prolonged the occlusion time of thrombotic platelet plug formation in mesenteric microvessels without extending bleeding time. This study concludes that myricetin is a natural integrin αIIbß3 inhibitor and a novel antithrombotic agent.

4.
Chin Med ; 18(1): 71, 2023 Jun 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37301823

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Platelets play a crucial role in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and are activated by endogenous agonists like collagen. These agonists initiate signal transduction through specific platelet receptors, resulting in platelet aggregation. Glabridin, a prenylated isoflavonoid found in licorice root, is known for its significance in metabolic abnormalities. Glabridin has been observed to inhibit collagen-induced platelet aggregation, but the precise mechanisms, specifically concerning NF-κB activation and integrin αIIbß3 signaling, are not yet fully understood. METHODS: In this study, platelet suspensions were prepared from healthy human blood donors, and the aggregation ability was observed using a lumi-aggregometer. The inhibitory mechanisms of glabridin in human platelets were evaluated through immunoblotting and confocal microscopy. The anti-thrombotic effects of glabridin were assessed by histological analysis of lung sections in acute pulmonary thromboembolism and by examining fluorescein-induced platelet plug formation in mesenteric microvessels in mice. RESULTS: Glabridin inhibited integrin αIIbß3 inside-out signals such as Lyn, Fyn, Syk, and integrin ß3 activation and NF-κB-mediated signal events, with similar potency to classical inhibitors BAY11-7082 and Ro106-9920. Glabridin and BAY11-7082 inhibited IKK, IκBα, and p65 phosphorylation and reversed IκBα degradation, while Ro106-9920 only reduced p65 phosphorylation and reversed IκBα degradation. BAY11-7082 reduced Lyn, Fyn, Syk, integrin ß3, phospholipase Cγ2 and protein kinase C activation. Glabridin reduced platelet plug formation in mesenteric microvessels and occluded vessels in thromboembolic lungs of mice. CONCLUSION: Our study revealed a new pathway for activating integrin αIIbß3 inside-out signals and NF-κB, which contributes to the antiplatelet aggregation effect of glabridin. Glabridin could be a valuable prophylactic or clinical treatment option for CVDs.

5.
Life Sci ; 326: 121791, 2023 Aug 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37211346

RESUMO

AIMS: Platelet activation plays a central role in arterial thrombosis. Platelets are activated by adhesive proteins (i.e., collagen) or soluble agonists (i.e., thrombin), the respective receptor-specific signaling cause inside-out signaling, leading to the binding of fibrinogen to integrin αIIbß3. This binding triggers outside-in signaling, resulting in platelet aggregation. Garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone, is extracted from the fruit rind of Garcinia indica. Although garcinol exhibits considerable bioactivities, few studies have investigated the effect of garcinol on platelet activation. MAIN METHODS: Aggregometry, immunoblotting, flow cytometer, confocal microscopic analysis, fibrin clot retraction, animal studies such as fluorescein-induced platelet plug formation in mesenteric microvessels, acute pulmonary thromboembolism, and tail bleeding time were performed in this study. KEY FINDINGS: This study indicates that garcinol inhibited platelet aggregation stimulated by collagen, thrombin, arachidonic acid, and U46619. Garcinol reduced integrin αIIbß3 inside-out signaling, including ATP release; cytosolic Ca2+ mobilization; P-selectin expression; and Syk, PLCγ2/PKC, PI3K/Akt/GSK3ß, MAPKs, and NF-κB activation stimulated by collagen. Garcinol directly inhibited integrin αIIbß3 activation by interfering with FITC-PAC-1 and FITC-triflavin by collagen. Additionally, garcinol affected integrin αIIbß3-mediated outside-in signaling, such as decreasing platelet adhesion and the single-platelet spreading area; suppressing integrin ß3, Src, FAK, and Syk phosphorylation on immobilized fibrinogen; and inhibiting thrombin-stimulated fibrin clot retraction. Garcinol substantially reduced mortality caused by pulmonary thromboembolism and prolonged the occlusion time of thrombotic platelet plug formation without extending bleeding time in mice. SIGNIFICANCE: This study identified that garcinol, a novel antithrombotic agent, acts as a naturally occurring integrin αIIbß3 inhibitor.


Assuntos
Embolia Pulmonar , Trombose , Humanos , Camundongos , Animais , Plaquetas/metabolismo , Complexo Glicoproteico GPIIb-IIIa de Plaquetas/metabolismo , Fluoresceína-5-Isotiocianato/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Trombina/metabolismo , Ativação Plaquetária , Agregação Plaquetária , Trombose/metabolismo , Fosforilação , Colágeno/metabolismo , Fibrinogênio/metabolismo , Embolia Pulmonar/metabolismo
6.
Int J Mol Sci ; 23(19)2022 Sep 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36232674

RESUMO

Platelets are crucial for hemostasis and arterial thrombosis, which may lead to severe cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Thus, therapeutic agents must be developed to prevent pathological platelet activation. Glabridin, a major bioalkaloid extracted from licorice root, improves metabolic abnormalities (i.e., obesity and diabetes) and protects against CVDs and neuronal disorders. To the best of our knowledge, no studies have focused on glabridin's effects on platelet activation. Therefore, we investigated these effects in humans and mice. Glabridin exhibited the highest inhibitory effects on collagen-stimulated platelet aggregation and moderate effects on arachidonic-acid-stimulated activation; however, no effects were observed for any other agonists (e.g., thrombin or U46619). Glabridin evidently reduced P-selectin expression, ATP release, and intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) mobilization and thromboxane A2 formation; it further reduced the activation of phospholipase C (PLC)γ2/protein kinase C (PKC), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3ß (GSK3ß), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and NF-κB. In mice, glabridin reduced the mortality rate caused by acute pulmonary thromboembolism without altering bleeding time. Thus, glabridin effectively inhibits the PLCγ2/PKC cascade and prevents the activation of the PI3K/Akt/GSK3ß and MAPK pathways; this leads to a reduction in [Ca2+]i mobilization, which eventually inhibits platelet aggregation. Therefore, glabridin may be a promising therapeutic agent for thromboembolic disorders.


Assuntos
Glycyrrhiza , Selectina-P , Ácido 15-Hidroxi-11 alfa,9 alfa-(epoximetano)prosta-5,13-dienoico/farmacologia , Trifosfato de Adenosina/metabolismo , Animais , Plaquetas/metabolismo , Colágeno/metabolismo , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Glicogênio Sintase Quinase 3 beta/metabolismo , Humanos , Isoflavonas , Camundongos , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Selectina-P/metabolismo , Fenóis , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinase/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Fosfolipase C gama/metabolismo , Fosforilação , Ativação Plaquetária , Agregação Plaquetária , Proteína Quinase C/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Trombina/metabolismo , Tromboxanos/metabolismo
7.
Molecules ; 27(16)2022 Aug 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36014382

RESUMO

Inflammation is a major root of several diseases such as allergy, cancer, Alzheimer's, and several others, and the present state of existing drugs provoked researchers to search for new treatment strategies. Plants are regarded to be unique sources of active compounds holding pharmacological properties, and they offer novel designs in the development of therapeutic agents. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the anti-inflammatory mechanism of esculetin in lipoteichoic acid (LTA)-induced macrophage cells (RAW 264.7). The relative expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitric oxide (NO) production and COX-2 expression were intensified in LTA-induced RAW cells. The phosphorylation status of mitogen-activated protein kinases (extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, p38 MAPK, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 were detected by using Western blot assay. The nuclear translocation of p65 was assessed by confocal microscopic image analysis. Esculetin significantly and concentration-dependently inhibited LTA-induced NO production and iNOS expression, but not COX-2 expression, in RAW cells. Esculetin was not effective in LTA-induced MAPK molecules (ERK, p38 and JNK). However, esculetin recovered LTA-induced IκBα degradation and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation. Moreover, esculetin at a higher concentration of 20 µM evidently inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. At the same high concentration, esculetin augmented Nrf2 expression and decreased DPPH radical generation in RAW 264.7 cells. This study exhibits the value of esculetin for the treatment of LTA-induced inflammation by targeting NF-κB signaling pathways via its antioxidant properties.


Assuntos
Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/metabolismo , NF-kappa B , Animais , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Inflamação/metabolismo , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Camundongos , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/metabolismo , Células RAW 264.7 , Transdução de Sinais
8.
Int J Mol Sci ; 23(11)2022 May 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35682568

RESUMO

Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is a key cell wall component and virulence factor of Gram-positive bacteria. LTA contributes a major role in infection and it mediates inflammatory responses in the host. Rutaecarpine, an indolopyridoquinazolinone alkaloid isolated from Evodia rutaecarpa, has shown a variety of fascinating biological properties such as anti-thrombotic, anticancer, anti-obesity and thermoregulatory, vasorelaxing activity. It has also potent effects on the cardiovascular and endocrine systems. Herein, we investigated rutaecarpine's (Rut) anti-inflammatory effects in LTA-stimulated RAW macrophage cells. The Western blot and spectrophotometric results revealed that Rut inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and interleukin (IL)-1ß in the LTA-induced macrophage cells. Successively, our mechanistic studies publicized that Rut inhibited LTA-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) including the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and p38, but not c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK). In addition, the respective Western blot and confocal image analyses exhibited that Rut reserved nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-κB) by hindering inhibitor of nuclear factor κB-α (IκBα) and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and p65 nuclear translocation. These results indicate that Rut exhibits its anti-inflammatory effects mainly through attenuating NF-κB and ERK/p38 signaling pathways. Overall, this result suggests that Rut could be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of Gram-positive bacteria induced inflammatory diseases.


Assuntos
MAP Quinases Reguladas por Sinal Extracelular , NF-kappa B , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , MAP Quinases Reguladas por Sinal Extracelular/metabolismo , Alcaloides Indólicos/farmacologia , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Camundongos , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/metabolismo , Quinazolinas , Células RAW 264.7 , Ácidos Teicoicos , Proteínas Quinases p38 Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo
10.
Molecules ; 27(2)2022 Jan 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35056795

RESUMO

Platelets play a critical role in arterial thrombosis. Rutaecarpine (RUT) was purified from Tetradium ruticarpum, a well-known Chinese medicine. This study examined the relative activity of RUT with NF-κB inhibitors in human platelets. BAY11-7082 (an inhibitor of IκB kinase [IKK]), Ro106-9920 (an inhibitor of proteasomes), and RUT concentration-dependently (1-6 µM) inhibited platelet aggregation and P-selectin expression. RUT was found to have a similar effect to that of BAY11-7082; however, it exhibits more effectiveness than Ro106-9920. RUT suppresses the NF-κB pathway as it inhibits IKK, IκBα, and p65 phosphorylation and reverses IκBα degradation in activated platelets. This study also investigated the role of p38 and NF-κB in cell signaling events and found that SB203580 (an inhibitor of p38) markedly reduced p38, IKK, and p65 phosphorylation and reversed IκBα degradation as well as p65 activation in a confocal microscope, whereas BAY11-7082 had no effects in p38 phosphorylation. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay shows that RUT and BAY11-7082 did not exhibit free radical scavenging activity. In the in vivo study, compared with BAY11-7082, RUT more effectively reduced mortality in adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced acute pulmonary thromboembolism without affecting the bleeding time. In conclusion, a distinctive pathway of p38-mediated NF-κB activation may involve RUT-mediated antiplatelet activation, and RUT could act as a strong prophylactic or therapeutic drug for cardiovascular diseases.


Assuntos
Fibrinolíticos/farmacologia , Alcaloides Indólicos/farmacologia , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Nitrilas/farmacologia , Quinazolinas/farmacologia , Sulfonas/farmacologia , Trombose/tratamento farmacológico , Trombose/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinases p38 Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Fibrinolíticos/uso terapêutico , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/farmacologia , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/uso terapêutico , Radicais Livres/antagonistas & inibidores , Humanos , Quinase I-kappa B/antagonistas & inibidores , Imidazóis/farmacologia , Imidazóis/uso terapêutico , Alcaloides Indólicos/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos ICR , NF-kappa B/antagonistas & inibidores , Nitrilas/uso terapêutico , Selectina-P/metabolismo , Ativação Plaquetária/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêutico , Embolia Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Embolia Pulmonar/metabolismo , Piridinas/farmacologia , Piridinas/uso terapêutico , Quinazolinas/uso terapêutico , Sulfonas/uso terapêutico , Fator de Transcrição RelA/metabolismo
11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34824589

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Oxidative stress-mediated inflammatory events involve in the progress of several diseases such as asthma, cancers, and multiple sclerosis. Auraptene (AU), a natural prenyloxycoumarin, possesses numerous pharmacological activities. Here, the anti-inflammatory effects of AU were investigated in lipoteichoic acid- (LTA-) induced macrophage cells (RAW 264.7). METHODS: The expression of cyclooxygenase (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, p38 MAPK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), heme oxygenase (HO-1), p65, and IκBα were all identified by western blotting assay. The level of nitric oxide (NO) was measured by spectrometer analysis. The nuclear translocation of p65 nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) was assessed by the confocal microscopic staining method. Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was performed to perceive the activity of antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT). RESULTS: AU expressively reduced NO production and COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1 ß, and iNOS expression in LTA-stimulated cells. AU at higher concentration (10 µM) inhibited ERK and JNK, but not p38 phosphorylation induced by LTA. Moreover, AU blocked IκB and p65 phosphorylation, and p65 nuclear translocation. However, AU pretreatment was not effective on antioxidant HO-1 expression, CAT activity, and reduced glutathione (GSH, a nonenzymatic antioxidant), in LTA-induced RAW 264.7 cells. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study advocate that AU shows anti-inflammatory effects via reducing NF-κB/MAPKs signaling pathways.

12.
Antioxidants (Basel) ; 10(4)2021 Apr 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33918237

RESUMO

Columbianadin (CBN), a natural coumarin isolated from Angelica decursiva, is reported to have numerous biological activities, including anticancer and platelet aggregation inhibiting properties. Here, we investigated CBN's anti-inflammatory effect in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cell activation and deciphered the signaling process, which could be targeted by CBN as part of the mechanisms. Using a mouse model of LPS-induced acute liver inflammation, the CBN effects were examined by distinct histologic methods using trichrome, reticulin, and Weigert's resorcin fuchsin staining. The result showed that CBN decreased LPS-induced expressions of TNF-α, IL-1ß, and iNOS and NO production in RAW 264.7 cells and mouse liver. CBN inhibited LPS-induced ERK and JNK phosphorylation, increased IκBα levels, and inhibited NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and its nuclear translocation. Application of inhibitors for ERK (PD98059) and JNK (SP600125) abolished the LPS-induced effect on NF-κB p65 phosphorylation, which indicated that ERK and JNK signaling pathways were involved in CBN-mediated inhibition of NF-κB activation. Treatment with CBN decreased hydroxyl radical (•OH) generation and increased HO-1 expression in RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, LPS-induced liver injury, as indicated by elevated serum levels of liver marker enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)) and histopathological alterations, were reversed by CBN. This work demonstrates the utility of CBN against LPS-induced inflammation, liver injury, and oxidative stress by targeting JNK/ERK and NF-κB signaling pathways.

13.
Int J Mol Sci ; 22(7)2021 Mar 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33807403

RESUMO

Platelets play a crucial role in the physiology of primary hemostasis and pathological processes such as arterial thrombosis; thus, developing a therapeutic target that prevents platelet activation can reduce arterial thrombosis. Pterostilbene (PTE) has remarkable pharmacological activities, including anticancer and neuroprotection. Few studies have reported the effects of pterostilbene on platelet activation. Thus, we examined the inhibitory mechanisms of pterostilbene in human platelets and its role in vascular thrombosis prevention in mice. At low concentrations (2-8 µM), pterostilbene strongly inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation. Furthermore, pterostilbene markedly diminished Lyn, Fyn, and Syk phosphorylation and hydroxyl radical formation stimulated by collagen. Moreover, PTE directly hindered integrin αIIbß3 activation through interfering with PAC-1 binding stimulated by collagen. In addition, pterostilbene affected integrin αIIbß3-mediated outside-in signaling, such as integrin ß3, Src, and FAK phosphorylation, and reduced the number of adherent platelets and the single platelet spreading area on immobilized fibrinogen as well as thrombin-stimulated fibrin clot retraction. Furthermore, pterostilbene substantially prolonged the occlusion time of thrombotic platelet plug formation in mice. This study demonstrated that pterostilbene exhibits a strong activity against platelet activation through the inhibition of integrin αIIbß3-mediated inside-out and outside-in signaling, suggesting that pterostilbene can serve as a therapeutic agent for thromboembolic disorders.


Assuntos
Plaquetas/metabolismo , Complexo Glicoproteico GPIIb-IIIa de Plaquetas/efeitos dos fármacos , Estilbenos/metabolismo , Animais , Coagulação Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Plaquetas/efeitos dos fármacos , Retração do Coágulo/efeitos dos fármacos , Colágeno , Fibrinogênio/metabolismo , Hemostasia/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Integrina alfa2/efeitos dos fármacos , Integrina alfa2/metabolismo , Integrina beta3/efeitos dos fármacos , Integrina beta3/metabolismo , Integrinas/efeitos dos fármacos , Integrinas/metabolismo , Camundongos , Selectina-P/metabolismo , Fosforilação , Ativação Plaquetária/efeitos dos fármacos , Agregação Plaquetária/efeitos dos fármacos , Complexo Glicoproteico GPIIb-IIIa de Plaquetas/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Estilbenos/farmacologia , Trombose/metabolismo
14.
J Agric Food Chem ; 69(16): 4697-4707, 2021 Apr 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33852294

RESUMO

Platelets play a crucial role in cardiovascular disorders (CVDs); thus, development of a therapeutic target that prevents platelet activation reduces CVDs. Pterostilbene (PTE) has several remarkable pharmacological activities, including anticancer and neuroprotection. Herein, we examined the inhibitory mechanisms of PTE in human platelets and its role in the prevention of vascular thrombosis in mice. At very low concentrations (1-5 µmol/L), PTE strongly inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation, but it did not have significant effects against thrombin and 9,11-dideoxy-11α,9α-epoxymethanoprostaglandin (U46619). PTE markedly reduced P-selectin expression on isolated α-granules by a novel microchip. Moreover, PTE inhibited adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release, intracellular ([Ca2+]i) mobilization (resting, 216.6 ± 14.0 nmol/L; collagen-activated platelets, 396.5 ± 25.7 nmol/L; 2.5 µmol/L PTE, 259.4 ± 8.8 nmol/L; 5 µmol/L PTE, 231.8 ± 9.7 nmol/L), phospholipase C (PLC)γ2/protein kinase C (PKC), Akt, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation. Neither 9-(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-9H-purin-6-amine (SQ22536) nor 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) reversed platelet aggregation inhibited by PTE. PTE did not affect vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein phosphorylation. In mice, PTE obviously reduced the mortality (from 100 to 37.5%) associated with acute pulmonary thromboembolism without increasing the bleeding time. Thus, PTE could be used to prevent CVDs.


Assuntos
Ativação Plaquetária , Trombose , Animais , Plaquetas , Humanos , Camundongos , Fosforilação , Agregação Plaquetária , Resveratrol , Estilbenos , Trombose/prevenção & controle
15.
Int J Mol Sci ; 23(1)2021 Dec 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35008520

RESUMO

Studies have discovered that different extracts of Evodia rutaecarpa and its phytochemicals show a variety of biological activities associated with inflammation. Although rutaecarpine, an alkaloid isolated from the unripe fruit of E. rutaecarpa, has been exposed to have anti-inflammatory properties, the mechanism of action has not been well studied. Thus, this study investigated the molecular mechanisms of rutaecarpine (RUT) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. RUT reserved the production of nitric oxide (NO) and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and interleukin (IL)-1ß in the LPS-induced macrophages. RUT showed an inhibitory effect on the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and it also inhibited nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-κB) by hindering IκBα and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and p65 nuclear translocation. The phospho-PI3K and Akt was concentration-dependently suppressed by RUT. However, RUT not only suggestively reduced the migratory ability of macrophages and their numbers induced by LPS but also inhibited the phospho-Src, and FAK. Taken together, these results indicate that RUT participates a vital role in the inhibition of LPS-induced inflammatory processes in RAW 264.7 macrophages and that the mechanisms involve PI3K/Akt and MAPK-mediated downregulation of NF-κB signaling pathways. Notably, reducing the migration and number of cells induced by LPS via inhibiting of Src/FAK pathway was also included to the anti-inflammatory mechanism of RUT. Therefore, RUT may have potential benefits as a therapeutic agent against chronic inflammatory diseases.


Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Quinase 1 de Adesão Focal/metabolismo , Alcaloides Indólicos/farmacologia , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas pp60(c-src)/metabolismo , Quinazolinas/farmacologia , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Inibidor de NF-kappaB alfa/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/metabolismo , Células RAW 264.7 , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Fator de Transcrição RelA/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo
16.
Int J Mol Sci ; 21(13)2020 Jul 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32646046

RESUMO

Platelets are major players in the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. Auraptene is the most abundant coumarin derivative from plants, and it has been demonstrated to possess a potent capacity to inhibit platelet activation. Although platelets are anucleated cells, they also express the transcription factor, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), that may exert non-genomic functions in platelet activation. In the current study, we further investigated the inhibitory roles of auraptene in NF-κB-mediated signal events in platelets. MG-132 (an inhibitor of proteasome) and BAY11-7082 (an inhibitor of IκB kinase; IKK), obviously inhibited platelet aggregation; however, BAY11-7082 exhibited more potent activity than MG-132 in this reaction. The existence of NF-κB (p65) in platelets was observed by confocal microscopy, and auraptene attenuated NF-κB activation such as IκBα and p65 phosphorylation and reversed IκBα degradation in collagen-activated platelets. To investigate cellular signaling events between PLCγ2-PKC and NF-κB, we found that BAY11-7082 abolished PLCγ2-PKC activation; nevertheless, neither U73122 nor Ro31-8220 had effect on NF-κB activation. Furthermore, both auraptene and BAY11-7082 significantly diminished HO• formation in activated platelets. For in vivo study, auraptene prolonged the occlusion time of platelet plug in mice. In conclusion, we propose a novel inhibitory pathway of NF-κB-mediated PLCγ2-PKC activation by auraptene in human platelets, and further supported that auraptene possesses potent activity for thromboembolic diseases.


Assuntos
Artérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Plaquetas/efeitos dos fármacos , Cumarínicos/farmacologia , NF-kappa B/antagonistas & inibidores , Ativação Plaquetária/efeitos dos fármacos , Trombose/prevenção & controle , Animais , Artérias/metabolismo , Plaquetas/metabolismo , Humanos , Quinase I-kappa B/metabolismo , Camundongos , Fosfolipase C gama/metabolismo , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Agregação Plaquetária/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteína Quinase C/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Trombose/metabolismo
17.
J Biomed Sci ; 27(1): 60, 2020 May 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32375785

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Columbianadin (CBN) is one of the main coumarin constituents isolated from Angelica pubescens. The pharmacological value of CBN is well demonstrated, especially in the prevention of several cancers and analgesic activity. A striking therapeutic target for arterial thrombosis is inhibition of platelet activation because platelet activation significantly contributes to these diseases. The current study examined the influence of CBN on human platelet activation in vitro and vascular thrombotic formation in vivo. METHODS: Aggregometry, immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, confocal microscopic analysis, fibrin clot retraction, and thrombogenic animals were used in this study. RESULTS: CBN markedly inhibited platelet aggregation in washed human platelets stimulated only by collagen, but was not effective in platelets stimulated by other agonists such as thrombin, arachidonic acid, and U46619. CBN evidently inhibited ATP release, intracellular ([Ca2+]i) mobilization, and P-selectin expression. It also inhibited the phosphorylation of phospholipase C (PLC)γ2, protein kinase C (PKC), Akt (protein kinase B), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs; extracellular signal-regulated kinase [ERK] 1/2 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase [JNK] 1/2, but not p38 MAPK) in collagen-activated platelets. Neither SQ22536, an adenylate cyclase inhibitor, nor ODQ, a guanylate cyclase inhibitor, reversed the CBN-mediated inhibition of platelet aggregation. CBN had no significant effect in triggering vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein phosphorylation. Moreover, it markedly hindered integrin αIIbß3 activation by interfering with the binding of PAC-1; nevertheless, it had no influences on integrin αIIbß3-mediated outside-in signaling such as adhesion number and spreading area of platelets on immobilized fibrinogen as well as thrombin-stimulated fibrin clot retraction. Additionally, CBN did not attenuate FITC-triflavin binding or phosphorylation of proteins, such as integrin ß3, Src, and focal adhesion kinase, in platelets spreading on immobilized fibrinogen. In experimental mice, CBN increased the occlusion time of thrombotic platelet plug formation. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that CBN exhibits an exceptional activity against platelet activation through inhibition of the PLCγ2-PKC cascade, subsequently suppressing the activation of Akt and ERKs/JNKs and influencing platelet aggregation. Consequently, this work provides solid evidence and considers that CBN has the potential to serve as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of thromboembolic disorders.


Assuntos
Cumarínicos/farmacologia , Ativação Plaquetária/efeitos dos fármacos , Complexo Glicoproteico GPIIb-IIIa de Plaquetas/metabolismo , Substâncias Protetoras/farmacologia , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Trombose/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Humanos , Camundongos
18.
J Clin Med ; 9(4)2020 Apr 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32252398

RESUMO

Activated microglia are crucial in the regulation of neuronal homeostasis and neuroinflammation. They also contribute to neuropathological processes after ischemic stroke. Thus, finding new approaches for reducing neuroinflammation has gained considerable attention. The metal ruthenium has gained notable attention because of its ability to form new complexes that can be used in disease treatment. [Ru(η6-cymene)2-(1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-quinoline Cl]BF4 (TQ-6), a potent ruthenium (II)-derived compound, was used in this study to investigate its neuroprotective action against microglia activation, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-induced embolic stroke, and platelet activation, respectively. TQ-6 (2 µM) potently diminished inflammatory mediators (nitric oxide/inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2)) expression, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 phosphorylation, nuclear translocation, and hydroxyl radical (OH•) formation in LPS-stimulated microglia. Conversely, TQ-6 increased the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Moreover, it significantly reduced brain infarct volume and edema in MCAO mice. Additionally, it drastically inhibited platelet aggregation and OH• production in mice platelets. This study confirmed that TQ-6 exerts an anti-neuroinflammatory effect on microglia activation through neuroprotection, antiplatelet activation, and free radical scavenging. The authors propose that TQ-6 might mitigate neurodegenerative pathology by inhibiting the NF-κB-mediated downstream pathway (iNOS and COX-2) and enhancing Nrf2/HO-1 signaling molecules in microglia.

19.
20.
Bioorg Chem ; 96: 103639, 2020 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32036165

RESUMO

Ruthenium metal complex has been shown to exert several chemical and biological activities. A series of three novel ruthenium derivatives (TQ 1, 2 and 4) were synthesized to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages and mice liver injury. The hydroxyl radical (OH°) scavenging activity of these derivatives has also been evaluated. The results revealed that among the tested compounds, TQ-4 effectively attenuated LPS-induced abnormal alteration in liver histoarchistructure via reducing alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST). This compound exhibited significant inhibition of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1ß), inflammatory enzyme (iNOS), the component of NF-κB signaling pathway (p65) and JNK phosphorylation in LPS-induced mice liver tissues. In vitro results showed that TQ-4 had the best inhibition of NO production and iNOS expression in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Mechanistic approach indicated that TQ-4 inhibited the LPS-induced JNK phosphorylation, IκBα degradation, NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and its nuclear translocation, and hydroxyl radical (OH°) productions in RAW 264.7 cells. However, the compounds TQ-1 and 2 had no effects in this study. TQ-4 also inhibited LPS-induced OH° production. This study reveals the protective effect of TQ-4 against LPS-induced acute liver injury, inflammation, and oxidative reaction by destructing JNK/NF-κB signaling pathways. The result of this study may infer that TQ-4 might be a promising ruthenium metal derivative and/or therapeutic agent for treating liver injury.


Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Complexos de Coordenação/farmacologia , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Substâncias Protetoras/farmacologia , Rutênio/farmacologia , Animais , Radicais Livres/metabolismo , Inflamação/metabolismo , Lipopolissacarídeos/efeitos adversos , Fígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Células RAW 264.7 , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos
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